The Role Of Effective Leadership And Effective Communication

Improving health care organization means changing ineffective management into effective systems that are patient-centered, cost-effective, and so forth. This requires culture change, and the first change will be with leaders throughout the organization. Effective leadership is essential to the success of every organization. An effective leader clarifies: (a) the organization’s goals to his/her employees, (b) the practical values that are important for achieving those goals, (c) the basis for ethical and moral reasoning used to make decisions, and (d) how results are being defined and measured. In addition, an effective leader communicates to his/her employees, listens to them, and addresses their concerns and issues (Maccoby, Norman, Margolies, 2013). The case of Southeast Medical Center clearly shows the importance of good leadership and effective communication. This paper will analyze Southeast Medical Center case study and will provide three recommendations that are most important to the case. I. Background Southeast Medical Center (SMC) was established as a public hospital in 1920 and later became a public academic for around 40% of the nation’s poor (Wolper, 2006, pp. 92-93). In 1994, SMC has changed its leadership and appointed a new CEO and president. One of the main goals of the new CEO is to convert SMC from public hospital to private hospital, not-for-profit corporation in order to gain economic freedom, reduced tax burden, reduced regulatory burden, enjoyShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Communication in Effective Leadership531 Words   |  2 Pagesknows the way, goes the way, and shows the way†. A leader is person from whom people can imbibe some qualities and somebody who can give guidance or show correct direction to others. As a leader the person should have the skills to motivate people. Leadership is reflection of once inner self, than of what is projected outside. They should be far sighted and be able to take initiative and make good decisions instantly. They nee d to possess the quality of striving back at work with full dedication, confidenceRead MoreLack Of Strong Communication Skills1533 Words   |  7 Pages Strong communication skills are necessary in order to coordinate daily operations which may require multiple people participating in the care of a patient. Evidence has shown that a lack of strong communication has led to negative patient outcomes and financial losses for the institution. Effective communication will help deliver the plan and staff members will know exactly what is expected off them versus trying to figure it out on their own. 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Being anRead MoreLeadership And Clinical Governance Assessment1608 Words   |  7 PagesHNN320: Leadership and Clinical Governance Assessment Task 1 In the healthcare setting the registered nurse (RN) is required to assume a leadership position, the RN needs exhibit numerous leadership skills to effectively lead within a healthcare team. This paper will reflect upon and critically discuss the leadership role of the RN in ensuring quality and safe patient care, with ideas drawn from the Dr Lucy Cuddihy interviews (2015). Effective communication is an essential leadership skill thatRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Issaquah Philharmonic Orchestra1558 Words   |  7 Pages(board-management interactions), select (prominent leadership), reflect (organizational results), and respect (owner expectations). In the textbook Organizational Behavior, team effectiveness is determined by performance (achieving intended results) and viability (members satisfied with team experience and willing to continue contributing to team effort) (Kreitner Kinicki, 2013, p. 304). Kreitner and Kinicki (2013, pp. 307, 323) also wrote that effective teamwork depends on clear purpose, informality

Description Of Royal Dutch Shell Plc - 1229 Words

(a) Description of Royal Dutch Shell plc Royal Dutch Shell plc is a public limited company registered in England and Wales and headquartered in The Hague, the Netherlands. It has three business segments: upstream, downstream and corporate. Upstream: focus on exploration for new liquids and natural gas reserves and on developing major new projects. Downstream: focus on turning crude oil into a range of refined products for domestic, industrial and transport use. [1]Shell’s major focus on need to build sustainable energy future. Shell stresses its role in integrating sustainability at all levels of its business. It planning to reduce impact on the environment. Shell working to minimise its environmental impact in a number of ways: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Shell reinforces the position of company as a leader which meet global energy demand responsibly in the oil and gas industry. It emphasis on safety and environmental and social responsibility across their activities[2] 2. In order to get technological advantages to access new resources which can better satisfy the needs of customers and reduce expenditure or increase revenue, Shell continues spending sustained investment research and development (RD). [2] 3. Shell announced that the respect for human rights which are important across activities of Shell and work with other companies and non-governmental organisations to improve the awareness of human rights. [2] 4. Shell conducts physical and financial contracts to lease storage and transportation capacities and manage shipping activities globally. [3] 5. Shell believes that their technology, project delivery capability and operational excellence will remain key differentiators for our businesses. Over 80% of capital investment in 2015 is in upstream businesses.[3] Management control: the acquisition and efficient use of resources in the accomplishment of organizational goals. 6. In order to recruit externally to implement their strategy and growth plans for the future, hiring about 1,200 graduates [4] 7. Facilities to capture and store CO2 should be a key part of the global solution. Our QuestShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis of Oil in Nigeria2736 Words   |  11 Pagesinformation from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/683505/ Nigeria Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industry Investment Opportunities, Analysis and Forecasts of All Active and Planned Exploration Blocks and Oil and Gas Fields to 2012 Description: Nigeria Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Industry Investment Opportunities, Analysis and Forecasts of All Active and Planned Exploration Blocks and Oil and Gas Fields to 2012 Summary This profile is the essential source for top-level industryRead MoreThe Financial Statement Of Shell Plc1617 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION This report is aimed to analyze the financial statement of Shell PLC between the years 2013 and 2014. Annual reports are used in order to calculate relevant ratios to measure profitability, liquidity and cash flow of the company. 1. Brief Description of Royal Dutch Shell PLC Royal Dutch Shell PLC engages in the oil and natural gas production. It operates through three segments: Upstream, Downstream. 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DeJong, Gerard Mertens, Peter Roosenboom March 2005 ISSN 0924-7815 Royal Ahold: A Failure of Corporate Governance and an Accounting Scandal Abe de Jong* Department of Financial Management Erasmus University Rotterdam a.jong@fbk.eur.nl Douglas V. DeJong Tippie College of Business University of Iowa douglas-dejong@uiowa.edu Gerard Mertens Department of Financial Management ErasmusRead MoreWhy Do We Need The Oil Producing Community? Does This Look Like Saudi Arabia? Essay7139 Words   |  29 Pagesto construct a base for a close alliance and discussion with the community, as well as assist the community in capacity building in all aspects of social and economic development . In Nigeria for instance, Shell Petroleum oil company is a member of the WBCSD and as such, the activities of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) ought to be situated within sustainable development and corporate social responsibility in the Niger Delta where it is located. 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Granted an Interview Regarding an IT

Question: Describe about the Granted an Interview Regarding an IT. Answer: Introduction It is a common fear amongst the new graduate in IT, what to take about in an interview when they have not held a full time job yet. What many of the graduate forget is that everyone has to start somewhere, and there are ways to sell yourself even though you have little experience. Its just take a bit of the effort and master some useful preparation. The following are some of the advice for a new graduate who has been granted an interview in regards to IT. The first thing one should know is to research in depth about the organization going for an interview. The interviewer sometimes expect you quite know about the company and may ask some basic question to know if you know about them. (Tziner, Vered Ophir, 2004)Secondly, it is important to identify what you have to sell.it entails the skills and some experience you could offer the prospect employer.it is also significant to have some intelligent questions to ask, during the interview. At some point of the interview you may be asked if you have any questions you want to ask. This is the best time to ask these questions, since it will demonstrate the level of interest on the job. There is also need for practice before the interview. (Brown, Cober, Kane, Levy Shalhoop, 2006)This will help to pinpoint some of the questions that might be asked during the interview. In addition, it is important to be ready for surprises, during the interview. In some of the interviews, some interviewers may ask pre-employment test to know how attentive or the level of skill set you have, generally and on the job. . (Tziner, Vered Ophir, 2004)Nevertheless, it is important to bring a resume to the interview and more copies may be significant since the panel of interviewers may be many. A successful candidate also has to make peace with the potential mistakes, during the interview. During the interview one may struggle to remember, it is essential to make important points. Lastly, develop a closing statement.it is essential to know how to close the interview to win the job. Conclusion Getting a job for the first time, as a new graduate who has little or no experience can be a challenge, but if the new graduates follows this simple advice, following all the tasks they will surely get the Information Technology. References Brown, D. J., Cober, R. T., Kane, K., Levy, P. E., Shalhoop, J. (2006). Proactive personality and the successful job search: a field investigation with college graduates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 717. Tziner, A., Vered, E., Ophir, L. (2004). Predictors of job search intensity among college graduates. Journal of Career Assessment, 12(3), 332-344.

Jewish Philosophy and Social Work Essay Example For Students

Jewish Philosophy and Social Work Essay For centuries, mankind as a whole has always desired or searched for love at some given point if not for their entire life span. Love is a concept that while the dictionary will give you various definitions, can not really be defined, but rather felt. Even if we believe we are experiencing feelings of love at some point, there is no guarantee that the experience then is an ever-lasting true love. Love grows and changes throughout ones life starting hopefully with ones parents leading to peers, and on to life partners. Over time, many philosophers have looked into this topic, trying to explain and break down what exactly the concept is. It is the object of this paper to look at both Soleveichick as well as Maimonedes, and apply their views to both a modern day perspective and social work. Love being a concept that has been around since the beginning of time according to some may have been a divine idea. If you look at the way Soleveichick breaks down the character of first man into Adam I and Adam II, I think my point can be clearly seen. According to Soleveichick it seems that Adam I is the utilitarian character by action and attitude, I will return to him later. Adam II on the other had is an existential character by his nature. By that it seems to mean that Adam II in the case of love would be the more romantic character, the one which many at some point of life desire this type of a loving relationship. This is the character where love comes truly within; it is a spiritual kind of love, where one really needs nothing in return but the love itself. In todays standards these are the people one would just buy flowers for, take long walks on the beach with, as well as exploring and experiencing issues as well as acts of intimacy with. These are the people we desire as life partners (does not necessarily have to be for a marital type of relationship.) at times. I know that from my personal experience at this point in my life I am having my first experience of true love other than the parental one I had. The person I am referring to is now my fiance. The feeling I have towards her are ones of total joy which run through my body, that words can not do justice. It is that burning desire within to constantly see, be with, and hold on to her. For me I believe that it is mostly an Adam II type of a relationship we are having. Of course love in this manner for different people can have different feelings as well as meanings, after all every man has their own characters. Another thing derived from the character of Adam II that it was Gods intention to find someone they love and eventually spend the rest of their lives with this person. Maybe God was even saying in a way that one can not go through life and be complete without a partner. I quote in Genesis (chapter 2 vs.22-23) and he took one of his sides and he filled in flesh in its place. Then Hashem, God fashioned the side that he had taken from man into a woman. Not only did this end first mans utilitarian loneliness, it also may have been showing us how we should feel about a loved one. The second person whether she was actually created from the first persons rib or side is unimportant. What one can derive from this is that not only was there a creation made at this point but a strong bondage as well, bonding man to his fellow man. .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .postImageUrl , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:hover , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:visited , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:active { border:0!important; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:active , .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264 .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8224cf5e51d9e03836c24daa776dc264:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Feminism In Frankenstein Essay Scripture seems to be saying that when we love someone it should be as if they are in fact a part of ourselves, as if they are physically attached to us. It seems Gods doing the creation in this manner was giving an important message. It seems to be saying that an individual can not lead a healthy, comfortable life without sharing it with love ones. We see that first .

Funny Submissions For Humorous Essay Topics

Funny Submissions For Humorous Essay TopicsFunny Submissions for Humorous Essay Topics are an opportunity to have a light-hearted exchange on topical and common subject areas. The humorous essays are truly inspiring as they are able to create a lively reflection of life without indulging in pomposity and selfishness. It's always good to look for literary work and create some new content for your website.Funny submissions for humorous essay topics are also a great way to express your unique personality through your writing. What could be more fun than answering some easy-to-answer questions that everyone has? Writing something that you feel is funny and makes you laugh is also one of the funniest and most innovative ways to make people smile. A lot of times, your friends might just be looking forward to doing some funny exchanges. So it's no wonder that having a humorous response to the particular query might get you invited to more parties and social gatherings.A lot of people say th at humorous content will help keep your blog and website more interesting to readers. So if you're having trouble coming up with funny content that can be shared with people, try submitting articles that are funny and may actually make others laugh. This will definitely generate traffic to your website or blog and attract more readers.Humorous content is one of the best ways to make people laugh, and it's just as effective at generating traffic to your website or blog. The best humor should be chosen and edited carefully because the internet is an increasingly busy place. Writing something that your reader might find funny can be very challenging.Writing something funny may require a good number of skills to be used. There are many websites that offer writing services, and you can hire them to write a funny post. You can even select the material and edit it carefully yourself. Although this method might be difficult, it will prove to be worth it in the end.Creating content that you think is funny and one that the readers will like to read is very important to make your blog and website successful. Writing and submitting content is not the only thing that matters; though it may be one of the most crucial aspects. It's always important to keep in mind that you want your website or blog to be popular and generate traffic, but you must also take into consideration the quality of the content.The common theme that people choose to make their websites and blogs attractive is humor. Finding ideas and posting content that you think is funny, can help you to generate traffic to your site and blog.

Stage in the Lifespan an Example by

Stage in the Lifespan by Expert Lilliana | 23 Dec 2016 Young adulthood has become an increasingly difficult time in the lives of humans that find themselves too old to be considered children and too young to be taken seriously as adults. Tweens, teens, and college age people are no longer completely dismissed by culture, as the purchasing power of children ages nine to fourteen has increased to become a force to be reckoned with and society sometimes seems to cater to their sensibilities. With so much information continuously coming at them through the internet, the television, magazines and movies, young adults often have trouble finding the path for which they are best suited, and many find themselves victimized by sexually transmitted diseases and crime. Because it is such a confusing time in the life of humans, young adults simply try to learn about adulthood while enjoying the last carefree days of youth. Need essay sample on "Stage in the Lifespan" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The first thing that must be addressed when discussing young adults is their burgeoning sexuality. Biologically, young adults are either reaching or already in their sexual maturity, when hormones are raging often beyond their control. The question of teenage sexual activity is one that may be misleading, due in large part to the evolution of society and its more relaxed attitude toward sex. Less than a century ago, it was routine for teenagers to get married and begin families fresh out of high school. However, now that education is considered something that requires many years if a person expects to succeed in society, the cycle of marriage, sex, and starting families has also been postponed until much later in life. So, when teens reach biological maturity and begin to feel sexual urges, they experiment and often subject themselves to terrible consequences such as unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease. The overwhelming and often tragic figures that explore teenage sexuality are hard to ignore. Compared to older adults, adolescents between the ages of ten and nineteen are at higher risk for acquiring STDs for a number of reasons, including limited access to preventive and regular health care and physiologically increased susceptibility to infection (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005). And among these young sexually active teens, minorities and teenage girls have been particularly hard hit by HIV/AIDS. Young African Americans represented 65% of AIDS cases reported among 13-19 year olds in 2002, suggesting that they are less likely to practice safe sex than white teenagers. Latino teens represented 20% of new AIDS cases, and in 2002, girls represented 51% of HIV cases reported among 13-19 year olds, compared to 30% of cases reported among people over age 25 that same year (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005). These figures suggest a problem that is difficult to curb. Current sexual education is not nearly adequate enough to deal with the trends. Most teenagers are skeptical by nature, as well as inpidualistic when it comes to being told what to do, and the standard line of abstaining is not practical and does not work. Abstinence vows may work for some teens, but are largely nothing more than lip service. Teens have simply become more adept at avoiding pregnancy and retaining their abstinence, including abandoning the practice of vaginal sex and opting for oral or anal sex. Many teenage girls feel that unless the sex they have is vaginal, they are still technically virgins. This goes to show that the moral and religious leaders that push for sexual education are merely confusing the issue rather than illuminating it. While some teens are at higher risk for sexual activity, including those that have been abused or use drugs and alcohol, all teens experience raging hormones and sexual impulses. It is a mistake to expect a denial of their human impulses, so an intelligent compromise must be reached regarding teenage sex. Whether this involves more sexual education from a young age that is informative rather than dogmatic, or changing society to allow teens to pursue valuable relationships instead of merely focusing on school and future careers, teenage sexuality must be addressed and dealt with in an honest and effective way. In addition to sex, teens also experience many difficulties with alcohol. Debate continues in the medical community as to whether alcoholism is a physical or psychological disease, but the connection between alcohol and mental health is undeniable. Because of the cavalier attitude the United States takes towards alcohol consumption, the stresses that come with everyday life in the fast-paced modern world that encourage chemical solutions, and the overwhelming statistical evidence suggesting that alcoholism is a national epidemic, alcohol abuse resembles a mass mental health problem that can only be curbed through therapy and education. And, this problem is intensified when it concerns teenagers. While alcohol consumption is illegal for teenagers, that fact does little to curb teenage drinking. Teens drink whether authorities and parents like it or not, and the problem leads to many problems beyond just breaking the law, and can significantly impact their education and their future. As a highly powerful drug, alcohol may not receive the professional medical endorsement as some pharmaceuticals, nor contain the powerful anesthetizing characteristics of many illegal narcotics, but its cost and ease of availability makes it a popular drug for millions of American teens. According to a survey released by the Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse, it was found that by the time the states teenagers reach their senior year in high school, more than 80% of them admit to having some experience with alcohol (Westbrook, 2007). The same study also found that most of the students consider it easy to get alcohol. The fact that Texas is a zero tolerance state for underage drinking exemplifies the futility of current methods of trying to keep teenagers away from alcohol, which usually include nothing more than a repetitive mandate telling them not to drink. It would seem that the only remedy to alcohol abuse in society is through better education and programs designed to counter the overwhelmingly supportive stance taken on alcohol by current social organizations. In addition to providing such information, prevention programs should teach inpiduals about the role that alcohol expectancies play in regard to heavy and abusive drinking, and help restructure expectancies among abusive or potentially abusive drinkers (Frone, et al., 1993, p. 556). By convincing more people that alcohol cannot truly eradicate or alleviate their problems, and in fact make their problems worse, mental health professionals stand a better chance of discouraging inpiduals from participating in future alcohol abuse. However, unlike many health issues, professionals must compete with an industry that spends billions of dollars a year to attract consumers. Alcohol abuse has been and continues to be a mental health epidemic in the United States, encouraged by a society largely accepting of alcohol use and the many stresses of school and home life that drive people to seek alcoholic therapy. Alcoholism can even impact the aspirations of a young adult, like John. Even though John was a freshman, he was a starter on the varsity volleyball and basketball teams. He was offended when he failed to make the varsity football team, but while he thought he should have made the varsity team as a freshman, the coach explained how all freshmen had to play on the freshman team. John proved the coach wrong by midseason and was starting as a running back on varsity by the fifth game. John was one of the few freshmen in the state to make all-conference in three sports, and he even began to attract the attention of multiple colleges. Johns popularity in school grew with every athletic victory, and girls did not escape his attention. Soon, John was engaging in promiscuous sex and partying with the upperclassmen. While this did not seem to affect his performance on the playing field, as John had an equally impressive sophomore year, and continued to enjoy his success socially and athletically. However, when John was drinking with friends one weekend, he broke h is ankle in a drunk-driving accident. He had to drop out of football entirely his junior year because he could barely walk, let alone play. He had a huge cast on my ankle and had to walk with crutches for months. When volleyball and basketball began, he was still rehabbing my ankle and working with physical therapists to try to strengthen it enough to endure the stresses of continuous jumping. This made him miss considerable time, and his sophomore season was nothing like he had imagined the year before, and the scouts stopping showing up and calling. He continued to drink and party, though was also severely depressed. However, he continued conditioning, doing physical therapy, and he planned on making his senior year the one that would finally allow him to shine athletically and hopefully attract enough attention from colleges to get scholarships. However, John once again injured himself while drinking, this time breaking his wrist while on a dare. This in effect not only ended Johns athletic aspirations for his senior year, but also prevented him from getting into any college on a scholarship. Because John spent so much time playing sports and partying, Johns academics were anything but stellar, and college was difficult for him to get into. The last report on John was that he was living in the same town with his parents and had no job or aspirations, but still partied all the time with his friends. If it were not for alcohol early in Johns young adulthood, there is no telling how far he might have gotten, if only to get the chance to go to college and truly begin his education. The trials and tribulations of young adulthood are enough to deal with without being inundated by confusing messages that are constantly bombarding young adults. Sexual experimentation, youth drinking, and lost dreams of irresponsible teens are only the most extreme examples of young adult behavior. What cannot be discounted are the millions of young adults that are responsible and become upstanding and contributing members of society. The only difference between the young adults that do well in adulthood to those that do not is the quality of the education they receive. And, the education that young adults receive is the responsibility not only of themselves, but also the adults from which they learn. REFERENCES Frone, M. R., Russell, M., and Cooper, M. L. (1993, November). Relationship of Work-Family Conflict, Gender, and Alcohol Expectancies to Alcohol Use/Abuse. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 14, No. 6; pp. 545-558. Kaiser Family Foundation. (January 2005). U.S. Teen Sexual Activity. Retrieved July 14, 2008 Westbrook, S. (2007, June 6). Alcohol, Kid can be Shattering Mix. Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Retrieved July 14, 2008

History of Air Transport and Airport

History of Air Transport and Airport Introduction Transport economics mainly focus on the movement of goods and people over time and space. There are different modes of transport used to transport goods and people from one region to another. These include road transport, air transport, rail transport, sea and air transport.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Air Transport and Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All these modes have their advantages and disadvantages and the choice of one mode of transport depends on several factors such as speed, costs, convenience, and many other factors. In transport economics, the cost of transport is very important since it plays an important role in facilitation of trade. This topic analyses transport economics specifically on the area of air transport. History of Air Transport Among all the other modes of transport, air transport was among the last modes to be developed. Before the developmen t of air transport, the other modes of transport such as road and sea transport, which were developed many years ago, were used. In the ancient times before the discovery of modern modes of transport, people used to walk by foot from place to another implying that, even for people to exchange goods and services, they had to walk by foot from one market place to another. This mode of exchange was very cumbersome for many reasons. First, it was time consuming; secondly, the quantity of goods to be transported was very little and this phenomenon made it difficult to trade and the transport was so inconvenient. However, as the time went by, different modes of transport were developed which reduced the cost of transport. For instance, roads were developed and trucks could be used to transport goods from one region to another. Rail and water transport were developed and goods could now be transported over long distances. Development of rail and water transport made it possible for traders to exchange their goods from country or continent to another and this facilitated more trade and reduced costs of transportation. However, the development of these three modes of transport (road, rail, and sea) transport did not solve the problem of transport completely. A mode of transport that was faster and more convenient was required. This need led to the development of air transport in the early twentieth century.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through innovation of airplane, trade was taken to another new level where goods could now be exchanged at faster rate than before. Air transport made it possible to transport goods and people from one region to another within few minutes. Perishable goods, which could not be exchanged before due to their nature, could now be transported from one region to another. Movement of goods and people was enhanced i n all parts of the globe. The cost of transport was also reduced in a large proportion by the development of the air transport. Since then, air transport has been developing with discovery of more advanced aircrafts, which has made transport of goods and people faster and more convenient. Development of Airport Discovery of aircrafts facilitated development of airports that act as the hubs of air transport. Airports have developed over the years as more advanced airplanes are developed. Airports have been developed in all the countries in the world. In developed countries, there are numerous airports in almost all the major towns to facilitate transportations of goods and services from one region to another. Global cities such as London, New York, Paris and many others that serve as the centre of international trade have developed large and modern airports over the last years to enhance transportation of people and goods in all the regions of the world. Airlines from different compa nies use these major airports as their centre to all the other routes in the world. Air transport and economic development The development of air transport over the years has transformed trade through increased movement of goods and passengers. Due to speed and convenience of the air transport, many businesses people carrying out international and domestic trade have opted for this mode of transport despite its high charges. According to Daley, air transport has made a positive contribution to the economy over the time (210). The graph below shows the relationship between economic growth and the volume of goods and passengers using air transport from 1950 to 2008. Source: The Geography of Transport SystemsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of Air Transport and Airport specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Between 1950 and 2008, airfreight and air passengers’ traffic was growing faster than the worl d economic growth rate. This can be attributed to the capability of the air transport to reduce time and space which attracted more goods and people to this mode. Around 1960, there was congestion in the air transport traffic and air transport companies were looking for airplanes that could carry more passengers and goods. In 1970s, there was revolution in the air industry after development of large capacity airplanes, which could carry larger capacity and charge low prices. This increased global economic growth. As Xiaowen, Tae and Anming note, increased competition and efficiency has also increased demand of air transport (p.24). Thus, economic growth and air transport are closely related and development of air transport has increased global economic growth. Airport security Though the development of air transport has transformed world trade, it has come along with negatives effects that have seriously affected the lives of people. These negative effects include environmental poll ution, air accidents, increased illegal trafficking of goods and people among other problems. Over the past years, the issue of insecurity has become a major global challenge due to increased cases of crimes in aircraft and airports. Due to increased volume of people using air transport, airports have become potential targets for crimes such as terrorism and other kinds of crimes. Airport provides a large crowd that is concentrated on a small area, which makes it highly susceptible to terrorism attacks. Large global airlines are also targeted due to their carrying capacity of their aircraft. The 9/11 terrorist attack at the World Trade Centre headquarters in New York in 2002 represents one of the recent terrorism attack on aircrafts. Due to increased cases of terrorism attacks and especially after the 9/11 attack, airport, and aircraft security has become a very sensitive issue in the whole world. Strict measures have been put in air transport to prevent such occurrences in future. Lord indicates that, risk assessment in the airport security is necessary in all the airports (1). According to United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), report security scrutiny should also be done even in foreign airports and aircraft to prevent cases of terrorism (111). Techniques and various methods have been adopted in airports in the world to ensure that aircrafts and airports are protected from any potential attack. New techniques have been developed to screen both people and goods in the airport in the search for bombs and other explosives.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Daley, Ben. â€Å"Is air transport an effective tool for sustainable development?† Sustainable Development journal 17.4 (2009): 210-219. Lord, Stephen. â€Å"A National Strategy and Other Actions Would Strengthen TSAs Efforts to Secure Commercial Airport Perimeters and Access Controls.† GAO Reports, 2009: 1-97. The geography of transport systems. Air Transportation Growth (Passengers and Freight) and Economic Growth, 2011. Web. https://transportgeography.org/ United States Government Accountability Office. â€Å"Aviation Security: Foreign Airport Assessments and Air Carrier Inspections Help Enhance Security, but Oversight of These Efforts Can Be Strengthened: GAO-07-729.† GAO Reports, 2007: 96-124. Xiaowen, Fu, Tae, Hoon, and Anming, Zhang. â€Å"Air Transport Liberalization and Its Impacts on Airline Competition and Air Passenger Traffic.† Transportation Journal 49.4 (2011):24-41.